# DSIP References: The Cited Literature

> DSIP references — the full cited literature behind this digest, from the 1977 EEG isolation to the 2024 fusion-peptide study, with PubMed links and DOIs.

The cited studies, with PubMed links and DOIs where available.

## About these DSIP references

Every quantitative claim across this site maps to one of the DSIP references listed below — the founding 1977 EEG isolation, the small 1980s human sleep trials, the animal EEG and neuroendocrine work, the Deltaran longevity data, and the 2024 fusion-peptide study. Each entry includes the journal, year, and a PubMed link, with a DOI where one is published. Where a finding rests on weak or unreplicated evidence, the relevant page says so. The full citation list renders below.

## References

[1] Schoenenberger GA, Monnier M. Characterization of a delta-electroencephalogram (-sleep)-inducing peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977;74(3):1282-1286. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/265572/
[2] Schneider-Helmert D, et al.. The influence of synthetic DSIP (delta-sleep-inducing-peptide) on disturbed human sleep. Experientia. 1981;37(8):913-914. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7028502/
[3] Kovalzon VM, Strekalova TV. Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle. J Neurochem. 2006;97(2):303-309. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16539679/
[4] Bjartell A, Ekman R, Bergquist S, Widerlov E. Reduction of immunoreactive ACTH in plasma following intravenous injection of delta sleep-inducing peptide in man. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1989;14(5):347-355. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2554357/
[5] Popovich IG, Voitenkov BO, Anisimov VN, Ivanov VT, Mikhaleva II, Zabezhinski MA, Alimova IN, Baturin DA, Zavarzina NY, Rosenfeld SV, Semenchenko AV, Yashin AI. Effect of delta-sleep inducing peptide-containing preparation Deltaran on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female SHR mice. Mech Ageing Dev. 2003;124(6):721-731. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12782416/
[6] Mu X, Qu L, Yin L, Wang L, Liu X, Liu D. Pichia pastoris secreted peptides crossing the blood-brain barrier and DSIP fusion peptide efficacy in PCPA-induced insomnia mouse models. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1439536. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39444618/
[7] Schneider-Helmert D. Effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide on 24-hour sleep-wake behaviour in severe chronic insomnia. Eur Neurol. 1987;27(2):120-129. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3622582/
[8] Schneider-Helmert D. The use of DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide) in the correction of phase-shifted insomnia. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1987;112(20):779-783. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3582201/
[9] Sudakov KV, et al.. The effect of delta sleep-inducing peptide on the EEG and power spectra in rat. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2000;44(3):289-298. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11214497/
[10] Tobler I, Borbely AA. The effect of subcutaneous administration of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) on some parameters of sleep in the cat. Physiol Behav. 1987;39(2):245-248. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3671519/
[11] Schoenenberger GA. Characterization, properties and multivariate functions of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP). Eur Neurol. 1984;23(5):321-345. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6548966/
[12] Bjartell A, Castro MG, Ekman R, Sundler F, Widerlöv E, Loh YP. Immunoreactive delta sleep-inducing peptide secretion from mouse dissociated, anterior pituitary cells: regulation by corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin. Neuroendocrinology. 1989;50:564-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2558325/
[13] Bjartell A, Ekman R, Hedenbro J, Sjölund K, Sundler F. Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)-like immunoreactivity in gut: coexistence with known peptide hormones. Peptides. 1989;10:163-70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2664725/
[14] Ahlman H, Ahlund L, Nilsson O, Dahlström A, Bjartell A, Ekman R. Coexistence of delta sleep-inducing peptide and serotonin in midgut carcinoid tumour cells in vivo and in vitro. International journal of cancer. 1989;44:641-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2793237/
[15] Lesch KP, Widerlöv E, Ekman R, Laux G, Schulte HM, Pfüller H, Beckmann H. Delta sleep-inducing peptide response to human corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in major depressive disorder. Comparison with CRH-induced corticotropin and cortisol secretion. Biological psychiatry. 1988;24:162-72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2839244/

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A data-forward digest of the delta sleep-inducing peptide literature — every figure sourced, every gap named, and no clinic, vendor, or prescription behind the numbers.